In a traditional fundraising operation, the evidence that a longtime donor might still be listening gets scattered across four different places. Gift records are in the database. Event attendance might be tracked in a spreadsheet on someone’s desktop. Email opens stay in the email platform. Social media engagement either goes untracked or ends up in yet another tool. Nobody has time to pull those threads together across hundreds of donor records, and the fragmentation leads to a predictable mistake. Donors who are still deeply engaged get treated the same way as donors who have truly disappeared.
The AI pulls all of it together and reveals the complete picture in seconds. During a Monday morning review, it flags the donors whose engagement patterns tell a different story from their giving patterns, the quiet loyalists who stopped writing checks but never stopped paying attention.
We interpret what those patterns mean and decide how to respond. A donor who is still attending events and opening emails needs a fundamentally different conversation than a donor who has gone silent across every channel. The distinction between the two, and the judgment about what to say, belongs to us.
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In Holding Fire: A Skeptic’s Framework for the Fundraiser with AI at Your Side, Stephen Christopher Nill, JD, lays out the Human-Centered AI Framework—his five-principles approach to keeping humans at the center of every donor interaction, even as AI quietly does the work no one fundraiser could ever do alone.
This book was written by a skeptic, for skeptics.
Consider a fictitious donor couple we’ll call James and Patricia Whitfield, who gave $10,000 two and a half years ago. Since then, no additional donations. By a standard lapsed donor report, they belong on a reengagement list, likely receiving a generic "we miss you" letter if they receive any outreach at all. The complete picture tells a very different story.
The AI Reads What We Can’t See Alone
The Whitfields’ giving stopped, yes. But James and Patricia attended the spring gala. They opened every email newsletter this fall. Patricia commented on a social media post just last week. The relationship hasn’t lapsed; only the financial partnership has.
The human-AI dynamic turns donor reengagement from guesswork into strategy. The AI connects patterns scattered across different places, and we interpret what they mean for the actual human beings involved.
The reengagement approach for donors who are still listening looks nothing like what goes to donors who have truly gone silent. A donor who attends events and opens emails needs reconnection, not resurrection. We write with warmth and acknowledgment. We reference something specific and recent, something that proves we’ve actually noticed their involvement. We invite a return to financial partnership as a natural next step, without guilt or pressure about the gap.
James and Patricia receive a letter that opens with "we see you," not "please come back." It acknowledges their gala attendance and Patricia’s comment, and thanks them for staying connected when they could have disappeared entirely. Only then, grounded in that reality, does it invite them to consider returning as giving partners.
The Neglected Middle
This is most acute for what I call the neglected middle. These are donors giving $100 to $500 faithfully for years, sometimes for a decade or more. They get almost no personal attention because they’re too small to warrant a major gifts visit and too established to appear on an acquisition list. They slip into the background, and when giving stops, nobody notices for months.
The AI flags that discrepancy instantly. It identifies the donor who gave annually, shows that the giving stopped, and points out that the engagement signals are still alive. We apply human judgment to that flag. A staff member or volunteer reaches out with real recognition, and the message feels personal because it is.
A fictitious donor I’ll call Helen Bartlett represents a different kind of lapsed situation. She gave $500 every December for four years to the food distribution program, then stopped two years ago. She hasn’t attended an event since, and her email opens dried up six months ago. She didn’t unsubscribe or complain. She just went quiet.
The difference between Helen and the Whitfields changes the approach entirely. Helen needs reconnection before any solicitation. She may have had a change in personal circumstances the organization never knew about, shifted priorities, or simply felt overlooked after four years of faithful giving without recognition. The reengagement note to Helen doesn’t assume her giving will return at the same level. It invites a conversation, acknowledges her past partnership without pressure, and creates space for her to return if and when she’s ready.
Why the Economics Make This Urgent
Acquiring a new donor costs roughly six times what it costs to retain a donor who has already given. Reactivated donors typically give at or above their previous levels. That means every lapsed donor we successfully reengage saves the cost of acquiring six new donors to replace the same revenue.
But that return only materializes if we’re strategic about who we reach and what we say. A single generic message sent to every lapsed donor, regardless of engagement level, wastes the opportunity. The AI’s ability to read the whole picture and our ability to interpret it are what turn reengagement from a bulk mailing into a real campaign with specific targets, personalized messaging, a timeline, and follow-up built into the plan.
In my book, Holding Fire, Chapter 7 walks through the full reengagement campaign: how to triage lapsed donors into the right categories and personalize outreach based on what the data actually shows about their involvement. The Whitfields and Helen Bartlett illustrate how different the approach looks when we can see the whole picture.
Next week, we’ll look at how to answer when someone asks whether an AI is writing your donor letters, and how bringing the guardrails forward first turns that question into a partnership instead of a scramble.

Stephen Christopher Nill, JD, founded CharityChannel in 1992, building it into one of the largest online communities of nonprofit-sector practitioners in the world. He has edited, designed, and published dozens of books for the nonprofit sector through CharityChannel Press. Over four decades, Stephen has built, administered, and advised fundraising programs in the United States and internationally that have raised billions of dollars. He has served as senior vice president of development at a hospital system, chief advancement officer at a West Coast university, director of development at a parochial school he helped to found, and founder and executive director of a charity that feeds the homeless in Southern California.
The Grant Professionals Association presented him with its first President’s Award. The Grant Professionals Certification Institute later honored him with the Pauline G. Annarino Award for foundational contributions to its existence. Stephen has been a frequent commentator on charitable giving for CNN, Fox News, MSNBC (now MS NOW), and other news shows.
He has provided training to attorneys on advanced charitable gift planning techniques on behalf of the State Bar of California’s continuing legal education program. As a lawyer and consultant, he advised hundreds of nonprofit organizations and educational institutions.
Stephen’s engagement with artificial intelligence reaches back to the 1970s, decades before the current wave. Holding Fire: A Skeptic’s Framework for the Fundraiser with AI at Your Side draws on that long history and on his career inside development offices.
He writes weekly to development professionals at charitychannel.com. These days he’s busy writing his first novel and composing symphonic music in his music studio.

